Biofuels : illusion or reality ? The European experience

Auteur(s) :

Furfari, Antonino Découvrir l'auteur

Résumé

Une analyse des possibilités offertes par les biocarburants, basée sur l'expérience européenne, et qui étudie les avantages de cette source d'énergie pour les transports en matière de diminution effective des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et d'efficacité énergétique. Les objectifs fixés peuvent-ils réellement être atteints ? Quels en sont les enjeux politiques ?

Éditeur(s)
- Technip
Date
- 2008
Notes
- En anglais
Langues
- Français
Description matérielle
- 146 p. ; 20 x 14 cm
Sujet(s)
Lieu
- Europe de l'Ouest
ISBN
- 978-2-7108-0920-3
Indice
- 339.526 Énergies renouvelables
Quatrième de couverture
- Biofuels
  Illusion or Reality ? The European Experience
  Environmental issues, rising prices and security of supply are putting energy at the centre of all attentions. Policymakers pushed by various stakeholders are struggling to find more sustainable solutions to the world legitimate demand for energy.
  The transport sector is especially under pressure as it relies for 98 % on oil. Despite vast research and development investments, no short-term solutions appeared to be reliable. Thanks to law-makers support to biofuels, these substitutes for oil are now seen as the potential solution for a sustainable transport.
  This book analyses the real possibility of biofuels. Does Europe has enough land to produce the needed feedstock ? What are the real gains in terms of greenhouse gases emissions and energy efficiency ? Are biofuels really a sustainable solution ? Will this policy succeed ? Are the targets reachable ?
  The reader will find some indications in this book to make up his mind on this complex, multifaceted and highly political subject.
Tables des matières
- - Biofuels
  - Illusion or Reality ?
  - The European Experience
  - Antonino Furfari
  - Technip
  - Summary1
  - Introduction5
  - Objectives5
  - What are biofuels ?6
  - Ethanol ; production pathways7
  - Biodiesel ; production pathways12
  - Biofuels second generation15
  - Another over-optimistic European target ?15
  - Other expected missed targets
  - The EU objective of 20 % of renewables by 2020 ?17
  - Kyoto Protocol ?19
  - Conclusion21
  - Biofuels in the USA and Brazil23
  - Biofuels production in the USA23
  - Biofuels production in Brazil24
  - Where this enthusiasm does come from ?26
  - Do we have enough land in Europe ?31
  - Biofuels production in Europe32
  - Simulation on the land required to reach the biofuels targets32
  - EU-25 estimation of the biofuels required in 203033
  - EU-25 estimation of the land availability35
  - Putting together land and fuel estimations38
  - Conclusion41
  - Biofuels life cycle analysis43
  - Approach to the problem44
  - Yields44
  - Agricultural inputs44
  - Land used45
  - Trade45
  - Production uncertainty46
  - Production method46
  - By-products46
  - Energy balance47
  - Greenhouse gases emissions50
  - Greenhouse gases reduction and efficiency53
  - Ethanol54
  - Well-to-wheels total energy54
  - Well-to-wheels greenhouse gases emissions56
  - Cost of the ton of CO₂ avoided with oil at $ 5058
  - Biodiesel59
  - Well-to-wheels total energy59
  - Well-to-wheels greenhouse gases emissions60
  - Cost of the ton of CO₂ avoided with oil at $ 5061
  - Are these GHGs emissions gains consistent and energy surplus tolerable ?62
  - Business as usual in the EU63
  - Technological development in the EU65
  - A world perspective68
  - Case of the glycerin price73
  - Glycerin overview73
  - Glycerin production prediction as a biodiesel by-product75
  - Conclusion76
  - Variables affecting biofuels sustainability77
  - Greenhouse gases78
  - Fertilizers and pesticides78
  - Water79
  - Soil79
  - Air80
  - Genetically modified organisms81
  - Biodiversity81
  - Increase prices of raw materials82
  - Food shortage and ethical issues83
  - Social standards85
  - Conclusion85
  - Standard for biofuels87
  - Structure87
  - Inspection, certification and verification88
  - Product tracking88
  - Existing initiatives for sustainable biofuels89
  - Quality of standards89
  - Conclusion91
  - Conclusion93
  - General bibliography97
  - Annexes107
  - References133
Origine de la notice:
- Electre