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Documents en rayon : 32

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Résumé : Publication de trois interventions dans le cadre des Mason Welch Gross Lectures. Hobsbawm analyse l'historiographie de la Révolution française depuis un siècle. Au XIXe sièclel, celle-ci est le prototype de la révolution bourgeoise, faite au bénéfice des classes moyennes (bourgeoisie et une part de la paysannerie). Ce schéma est repris par les historiens marxistes, pensant qu'elle serait inévitablement suivie d'une révolution prolétarienne, d'où l'intérêt porté aux aspects économiques et sociaux. Avec l'affaiblissement de plus en plus évident, du communisme, de nombreux historiens ont remis en cause les acquis de la Révolution dont le coût était disproportionné - en bref la Terreur ne se justifiait pas. Hobsbawm estime ce point de vue erroné, lié à une attitude politique hostile au marxisme. "La Révolution française a transformé durablement le monde et a introduit les facteurs qui continuent à le transformer. Elle a donné aux peuples "le sentiment que l'histoire pouvait être modifiée par leur action et a démontré le pouvoir des simples gens de telle façon qu'aucun gouvernement n'a pu par la suite se permettre de l'oublier".

Résumé : Celebrated as one of Japan’s greatest filmmakers, Kobayashi Masaki’s scorching depictions of war and militarism marked him as a uniquely defiant voice in post-war Japanese cinema. A pacifist drafted into Japan’s Imperial Army, Kobayashi survived the war with his principles intact and created a body of work that was uncompromising in its critique of the nation’s military heritage. Yet his renowned political critiques were grounded in spiritual perspectives, integrating motifs and beliefs from both Buddhism and Christianity. A Dream of Resistance is the first book in English to explore Kobayashi’s entire career, from the early films he made at Shochiku studio, to internationally-acclaimed masterpieces like The Human Condition, Harakiri, and Samurai Rebellion, and on to his final work for NHK Television. Closely examining how Kobayashi’s upbringing and intellectual history shaped the values of his work, Stephen Prince illuminates the political and religious dimensions of Kobayashi’s films, interpreting them as a prayer for peace in troubled times. Prince draws from a wealth of rare archives, including previously untranslated interviews, material that Kobayashi wrote about his films, and even the young director’s wartime diary. The result is an unprecedented portrait of this singular filmmaker. (source : éditeur)

Résumé : Gale (emer., public affairs and administration, Rutgers Univ.) offers an intriguing analysis of a previously unrecognized chapter in the history of urban gentrification. He documents what he terms "embryonic gentrification," which began in the early 20th century. Misunderstanding the timing of gentrification as well as its grassroots nature, planners have identified incorrect causal explanations for this process. The book is organized into three sections; the first, and longest, provides chapter case studies of Georgetown, Greenwich Village, and Beacon Hill. A follow-up chapter on additional cities effectively argues that the three detailed examples were far from isolated attempts to restore and preserve older building stock and residential neighborhoods. However, before the 1960s term gentrification emerged, earlier efforts were understood as "remodeling," even when this activity extended beyond individual households to characterize a neighborhood. Gale reveals that people of different socioeconomic statuses engaged in gentrification before discussing the post–WW II era when federal policies provided funding to demolish and rebuild rather than restore urban decline. A new wave of gentrification repudiated this destruction but was mistakenly identified as elite. Gale establishes gentrification as a promising grassroots strategy for revitalizing urban neighborhoods.Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels. Reviewer: A. E. Krulikowski, West Chester University

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