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A geoscientist's guide to petrophysics

Résumé

Description des propriétés pétrophysiques des roches qui insiste sur la géométrie et la pétrologie, ainsi que sur les relations entre pétrophysique et géologie. Présentation des problèmes méthodologiques, de la représentativité des mesures et de l'effet de taille.


  • Autre(s) auteur(s)
  • Éditeur(s)
  • Date
    • 2007
  • Notes
    • Bibliogr. p. 357-363. Glossaire. Index
  • Langues
    • Français
    • , traduit de : Français
  • Description matérielle
    • 1 vol. (XXI-384 p.) : ill. en noir et en coul., couv. ill. en noir et en coul. ; 24 cm
  • Collections
  • Sujet(s)
  • ISBN
    • 978-2-7108-0899-2
  • Indice
    • 552.5 Roches sédimentaires, géologie du pétrole et du charbon
  • Quatrième de couverture
    • A Geoscientist's guide to Petrophysics

      Geoscientists and Engineers taking an interest in Petrophysics, are struck by the contrasting treatment of the Physics Aspects and the Geology Aspects. In most publications, the Physics Aspect prevails. The rock itself is considered as a black-box whose microscopic structure is briefly described as a model sometimes remote from reality.

      But if we are to scale up isolated petrophysical observations to an entire oil reservoir or an aquifer, it is essential to implement the powerful extrapolation tool of geological interpretation. This is clearly based on a good understanding of the relations between the petrophysical parameters studied and the petrological characteristics of the rock considered.

      This Geological approach of Petrophysics is at the heart of our project.

      The book is divided into two sections of different size : The first section (by far the largest) describes the various petrophysical properties of rocks. Each property is defined, limiting the mathematical formulation to the strict minimum but emphasising the geometrical and there-fore petrological parameters governing this property. The description of the measurement methods is restricted to an overview of the principles required for good communication between the geoscientist and the laboratory petro-physicist. For each property, we detail one or two aspects of the relations between petrophysics and geology (e.g. the porosity/permeability relations in carbonate rocks or irregular water tables and stratigraphic traps).

      The second section concentrates on methodological problems and concerns, above all, the representativeness of the measurements and the size effects. The notions of Representative Elementary Volume, Homogeneity, Anisotropy, Rock Type, etc. provide a better understanding of the problems of up-scaling (Plug, Core, Log Analysis, Well Test). Lastly, we provide a description of several Porous Network investigation methods : Thin section, Pore Cast, Visualization of capillary properties, X-ray tomography.


  • Tables des matières
      • A geoscientist's guide to petrophysics

      • B. Zinszner

      • F.M. Pellerin

      • Technip

      • AcknowledgementsV
      • ForewordVII
      • NomenclatureXI
      • Unit conversion factorsXVII
      • Part 1
        Petrophysical properties and relations with petrology
      • Chapter 1-1 Calculation of Fluid Volumes In Situ (Accumulations) : Static Properties3
      • 1-1.1 Porosity, Mineralogy of the Solid Phase and Compressibility 3
      • 1-1.1.1 Porosity : definitions (connected, occluded, effective porosity, etc.)3
      • 1-1.1.2 Porosity measurement principles5
      • 1-1.1.3 Clay porosity12
      • 1-1.1.4 Order of magnitude of porosity in geomaterials20
      • 1-1.1.5 Solid phase density and mineralogy26
      • 1-1.1.6 Effect of stresses on porosity, Compressibility39
      • 1-1.2 Capillary Pressure in Case of Perfect Wettability 52
      • 1-1.2.1 Definition of perfect wettability and capillary pressure53
      • 1-1.2.2 Capillary pressure curve56
      • 1-1.2.3 Capillary phenomena in soils64
      • 1-1.2.4 Capillary pressure curve measurement principle: Restored states, Centrifuge, Mercury Porosimetry73
      • 1-1.2.5 Processing of capillary pressure data94
      • 1-1.2.6 Location of fluids in oil and gas reservoirs102
      • 1-1.2.7 Capillary rise : Hirschwald coefficient, Apparent radius of capillary rise113
      • 1-1.2.8 Overview on three-phase capillary equilibria121
      • Chapter 1-2 Fluid Recovery and Modelling: Dynamic Properties123
      • 1-2.1 Intrinsic Permeability 123
      • 1-2.1.1 Definitions and Darcy's law123
      • 1-2.1.2 Intrinsic permeability measurement principle128
      • 1-2.1.3 Geometric parameters affecting permeability and simple models138
      • 1-2.1.4 Porosity/Permeability relations in rocks144
      • 1-2.1.5 Effects of stress and temperature on the intrinsic permeability163
      • 1-2.2 Wettability of Reservoir Rocks 167
      • 1-2.2.1 Definition and measurement of intermediate wettability167
      • 1-2.2.2 Wettability of reservoir rocks173
      • 1-2.3 Relative Permeability and End Points 179
      • 1-2.3.1 Overview179
      • 1-2.3.2 Tentative simplification : search for the most important points on the relative permeability curve184
      • 1-2.3.3 More information about the « End Points », wettability effects186
      • 1-2.3.4 Relative permeability measurement principle191
      • Chapter 1-3 Log and Geophysical Analysis199
      • 1-3.1 Electrical Properties : Estimation of Hydrocarbon Saturation 199
      • 1-3.1.1 Resistivity of rocks saturated with electrolyte : Formation factor199
      • 1-3.1.2 Resistivity of porous media saturated with a two-phase mixture208
      • 1-3.1.3 The special case of clay media213
      • 1-3.1.4 Effect of pressure and temperature on electrical properties220
      • 1-3.2 Seismic Properties : Effect of Porosity, Lithology and Nature of the Saturating Fluids on the Elastic Wave Velocity 221
      • 1-3.2.1 Simplified definitions : moduli, P and S waves, velocities, attenuations222
      • 1-3.2.2 Scale effect : Ultrasonic, Sonic, Seismic frequency bands. Static properties, dynamic properties227
      • 1-3.2.3 Laboratory velocity measurement principle and "path dispersion" problem230
      • 1-3.2.4 Effect of differential pressure on velocities: Hertz coefficient233
      • 1-3.2.5 Effect of the saturating fluid : Gassmann equation and its linear approximation as a function of Kfl236
      • 1-3.2.6 Porosity/lithology/velocity empirical relations239
      • 1-3.3 Petrophysical Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 248
      • 1-3.3.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), general principles248
      • 1-3.3.2 Potential applications to petrophysics254
      • Part 2
        Scale changes and characterisation of porous media : methods and techniques
      • Chapter 2-1 Measurement Representativeness and Reservoir Characterisation265
      • 2-1.1 Overview on the Effect of Damage, Stress and Temperature Variations on Petrophysical Characteristics 265
      • 2-1.1.1 Damage to laboratory samples265
      • 2-1.1.2 Influence of stresses and temperature on petrophysical characteristics266
      • 2-1.2 Representative Elementary Volume, Homogeneity, Isotropy 272
      • 2-1.2.1 Definition of Representative Elementary Volume (REV)272
      • 2-1.2.2 Homogeneity and Isotropy281
      • 2-1.2.3 Continuously variable REV: self similarity and fractal object288
      • 2-1.3 Scale Changes 293
      • 2-1.3.1 From plug to core and well logs294
      • 2-1.3.2 From core to well test ("bulk" and "matrix" property)311
      • 2-1.4 Rock Typing 317
      • 2-1.4.1 Rock Typing, description and terminology difficulties317
      • 2-1.4.2 Core Rock Typing318
      • 2-1.4.3 Log Rock Typing322
      • Chapter 2-2 Porous Network Observation Techniques325
      • 2-2.1 Thin Sections and Epoxy Pore Casts 325
      • 2-2.1.1 Impregnation of porous networks by resins325
      • 2-2.1.2 Observation of thin sections under optical microscope327
      • 2-2.1.3 Observation under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)330
      • 2-2.2 Visualisation of Fluid Location in Pores 333
      • 2-2.2.1 Direct observations of natural fluids: Cryo-scanning electron microscopy334
      • 2-2.2.2 Indirect observations using polymerisable liquids or fusible metal336
      • 2-2.3 X-Ray Tomography 342
      • 2-2.3.1 The medical scanner344
      • 2-2.3.2 Microtomography devices347
      • 2-2.4 Mineralogical Analysis Applied to Petrophysics: X-Ray Diffraction and Fluorescence 349
      • 2-2.4.1 Some reminders about mineralogy/crystallography350
      • 2-2.4.2 Laboratory techniques351
      • References357
      • Porosity Terms Glossary-Index365
      • Subject Index371
      • Author Index381

  • Origine de la notice:
    • BNF
  • Disponible - 552.5 ZIN

    Niveau 2 - Sciences