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The legal system of a Common law country : the British legal system, the American legal system, constitutionally protected rights of the USA

Résumé

Ouvrage d'initiation, qui précise la conception, la pratique de la Common law. Traite de l'organisation des systèmes juridiques anglais et américain. ©Electre 2014


  • Éditeur(s)
  • Date
    • DL 2014
  • Autre(s) forme(s) de titre
  • Notes
    • En anglais
    • Index
  • Langues
    • Anglais
  • Description matérielle
    • 1 vol. (VIII-478 p.) ; 24 cm
  • Collections
  • Sujet(s)
  • Lieu
  • ISBN
    • 978-2-247-13942-2
  • Indice
    • 342 Droit comparé, droits étrangers
  • Quatrième de couverture
    • Cet ouvrage propose une étude du système juridique des États-Unis, à la fois représentatif de la tradition de Common Law, et atypique dans son évolution et son fonctionnement. Dans une perspective historique, la première partie propose une étude approfondie de la Common Law à travers le droit britannique dont elle est issue.

      La deuxième partie est ensuite consacrée à une analyse des principes fondamentaux du système juridique américain : les sources du droit, les tribunaux, et notamment les particularités liées à sa structure fédérale.

      Enfin, la troisième partie aborde l'essence même de ce système en exposant les craintes des Américains à l'égard de leur propre gouvernement fédéral, et les protections constitutionnelles visant à les apaiser.

      Les lecteurs sont invités à se mettre à la place des juristes anglo-américains, en partageant leur langue, leur mode de réflexion et leurs techniques, pour résoudre les questions juridiques proposées. L'étudiant et le praticien trouveront dans cet HyperCours un outil de référence autant qu'une analyse permettant de saisir la culture juridique et la mentalité américaine bien différente de la conception romano-civiliste du droit français.

      Selon le principe de la collection, le cours est suivi de compléments pédagogiques pour vérifier et renforcer les acquis et se préparer aux examens.


  • Tables des matières
      • The Legal System of a Common Law Country

      • The British Legal System - The American Legal System - Constitutionally Protected Rights of the U.S.A.

      • Eileen Servidio-Delabre

      • Dalloz

      • General Outline VI
      • chapter General Introduction 0
      • section 1 Contents of this work 3
      • section 2 The English Used in this Work 5
      • section 3 Use of Cases 6
      • section 4 Helping the Reader Understand 6
      • part 1 Setting the scene: the British Legal System 9
      • chapter 1 The Origins of the Common Law System: England 11
      • section 1 The Genesis of the Common Law Legal Tradition: English Middles Ages 13
      • § 1 Early England and the Norman Conquest 13
      • A. Early English Law 14
      • B. Norman Conquest 14
      • § 2 From Customs to Common Law 16
      • A. The Royal Courts 16
      • 1. Curia Regis 16
      • 2. Formation of the Royal Courts 16
      • a. Court of Exchequer 17
      • b. Bench of Common Pleas (Common Bench) 17
      • c. King's Bench 17
      • B. The Itinerant Royal Justices 17
      • 1. General Eyres 18
      • 2. Assize System and Nisi Prius 18
      • C. The Legal Profession and the Inns of Court 19
      • section 2 The Royal/Common Law Courts: Their Rise in Popularity and Formalism 21
      • § 1 The Jury and the Royal/Common Law Courts 21
      • § 2 The Writ System 22
      • section 3 Development towards a Centralized Legal System 23
      • section 4 Equity and the Court of Chancery 26
      • section 5 Characteristics of Early Common Law 27
      • Teaching Aids 29
      • chapter 2 The English Judicial System 37
      • section 1 The Courts 39
      • § 1 The Supreme Court 39
      • § 2 The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 40
      • § 3 The Senior Courts of England and Wales 40
      • A. The Court of Appeal 40
      • 1. The Court of Appeal: Civil Division 40
      • 2. The Court of Appeal: Criminal Division 40
      • B. The High Court of Justice 41
      • 1. The Divisions of the High Court 41
      • 2. The Divisional Courts 41
      • C. The Crown Court 42
      • § 4 The County Courts 43
      • § 5 The Magistrates' Courts 43
      • § 6 The Tribunals 43
      • section 2 The Personnel 44
      • § 1 Judges and Magistrates 44
      • § 2 Barristers and Solicitors 45
      • section 3 Civil and Criminal Procedure 46
      • § 1 Civil Procedure 46
      • § 2 Criminal Procedure 47
      • Teaching Aids 49
      • chapter 3 Sources of English Law (section 1 and 2) 57
      • section 1 Constitutional Law 59
      • section 2 Legislation 62
      • § 1 The Different Sources of Legislation 62
      • A. Primary Legislation: Acts of Parliament 62
      • B. Subordinate/Delegated or Secondary Legislation 64
      • C. European Union Law 64
      • D. European Convention on Human Rights 68
      • § 2 The Interpretation of Statutory Law by the Courts 69
      • A. Three Principle Methods of Interpretation 69
      • 1. The Mischief Rule 69
      • 2. The Literal Rule 70
      • 3. The Golden Rule 70
      • B. Presumptions and Other Means of Interpreting Statutes 71
      • 1. Presumptions 71
      • 2. Other Means of Interpreting a Statute 71
      • 3. The Use of Hansard 72
      • 4. European Influence on English Judges and the Interpretation of English Law 74
      • § 3 Judicial Review of Legislation 77
      • A. Judicial Review of Primary Legislation 77
      • B. Judicial Review of Subordinate Legislation 78
      • Teaching Aids 79
      • chapter 3 Sources of English Law (section 3) 85
      • section 3 Common Law: Case Law/Precedent 87
      • § 1 The Doctrine of Precedent 88
      • § 2 How the Doctrine of Precedent Functions 89
      • A. Stare Decisis 89
      • 1. The Court of Justice of the European Union 90
      • 2. The Supreme Court 90
      • 3. The Court of Appeal 94
      • a. The Court of Appeal: Civil Division 95
      • b. Court of Appeal: Criminal Division 95
      • 4. The Divisional Courts of the High Court 96
      • 5. The High Court 96
      • 6. The Crown Court 96
      • 7. The County Court and Magistrates' Court 96
      • B. Ratio Decidendi (often referred to simply as the 'ratio'; plural, rationes decidendi) 97
      • 1. Finding the Ratio Decidendi 98
      • 2. Avoiding Precedent 102
      • a. Overruling a Decision 102
      • b. Distinguishing Cases 102
      • c. Interpreting/Choosing the Ratio Decidendi 103
      • d. Per Incuriam 103
      • Teaching Aids 104
      • chapter 3 Sources of English Law (section 4 and 5) 113
      • section 4 Equity 115
      • § 1 The Necessity of Equity in Early English Law 115
      • A. The Rigidity of the Common Law 116
      • B. Correcting the Limitations of the Common Law System through Equity 116
      • § 2 The Evolution and the Importance of Equity Today 118
      • A. The Evolution of Equity 118
      • B. The Importance of Equity Today 119
      • section 5 Customs 120
      • § 1 The Historical Role of Customs 120
      • § 2 Customs as a Source of Law Today 121
      • Teaching Aids 122
      • part 2 The American Legal System: The Foundation 127
      • chapter 4 An Historical View of the American Legal System 129
      • section 1 The Colonies 131
      • section 2 The United States under the Articles of Confederation 132
      • section 3 The American Constitution: A Federation 133
      • section 4 Slavery 135
      • Teaching Aids 141
      • chapter 5 Federalism in the United States 147
      • section 1 The Powers of the Federal Government 149
      • § 1 The Enumerated Powers of the Federal Government 149
      • A. The Interstate Commerce Clause 150
      • B. The Taxing and Spending Powers 156
      • C. The Federal Foreign Affairs Power 160
      • 1. Treaty Power 160
      • a. Who can make a treaty in the United States? 160
      • b. In what areas can the government make treaties? 161
      • 2. War Power 162
      • § 2 The Doctrine of Implied Powers: Necessary and Proper Clause 162
      • § 3 The Supremacy Clause 164
      • section 2 State Power 165
      • § 1 The Dormant Commerce Clause 166
      • § 2 Pre-empting 168
      • section 3 The Interstate Privileges and Immunities Clause 170
      • Teaching Aids 172
      • chapter 6 Judicial Review in the United States 179
      • section 1 Judicial Review of Federal Action 181
      • § 1 Marbury v. Madison 182
      • A. Political Background and Facts Leading to Marbury 182
      • B. Holding and Opinion of Marbury 183
      • § 2 Importance of Marbury 186
      • section 2 Supreme Court's Review of State Court Decisions 187
      • § 1 The Federal Judiciary's Power to Review State Decisions 187
      • A. Martin v. Hunter's Lessee 187
      • 1. Facts of Martin 187
      • 2. Holding and Opinion of Martin 188
      • 3. Importance of Martin 189
      • B. Cohens v. Virginia 189
      • 1. Facts of Cohens 189
      • 2. Holding and Opinion of Cohens 189
      • 3. Importance of Cohens 190
      • § 2 Limitations on the Federal Judiciary Power to Review State Decisions 191
      • Teaching Aids 193
      • chapter 7 The Judicial Systems in the United States 197
      • section 1 The Federal Court System 199
      • § 1 Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts 199
      • § 2 Cases and Controversies /Standing 201
      • § 3 The Different Federal Courts 202
      • A. The Supreme Court of the United States 203
      • 1. Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 203
      • 2. Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 204
      • 3. General Procedure of the Supreme Court 205
      • B. Federal Courts of Appeals 206
      • C. U.S. District Courts 207
      • § 4 Federal judges 207
      • section 2 The State Court System 208
      • § 1 State Courts 208
      • A. Lower/Trial Courts 208
      • B. Intermediary Courts of Appeals 209
      • C. State Supreme Courts 209
      • § 2 State Judges 209
      • section 3 Procedure in the United States 209
      • Teaching Aids 211
      • chapter 8 Cources of American Law 215
      • section 1 Constitutional Law 219
      • § 1 Superiority of the United States Constitution 219
      • § 2 Constitutional Amendments 220
      • section 2 Statutory Law 220
      • § 1 The Importance of Statutory Law in the United States 220
      • § 2 Creating Statutory Law 221
      • A. Legislative Bodies 221
      • B. The Procedure 222
      • C. The Force of Legislation 223
      • D. Attempts to Unify Statutory Law 224
      • section 3 Executive Orders, Ordinances and Administrative Rules and Regulations 224
      • § 1 Executive Orders 224
      • § 2 Ordinances 225
      • § 3 Administrative Rules and Regulations 225
      • section 4 Common Law, Precedent and Case Law 226
      • § 1 The Doctrine of Stare Decisis in the United States 228
      • A. The United States Supreme Court and the Doctrine of Stare Decisis 228
      • B. Other Courts and the Doctrine of Stare Decisis 229
      • § 2 Restatements of the Law 230
      • § 3 Exclusion of Common Law 230
      • section 5 Equity 231
      • section 6 Treaties 232
      • § 1 Treaties v. the United States Constitution 232
      • § 2 Treaties v. Federal Law 233
      • Teaching Aids 234
      • part 3 American Legal System: The Essence 239
      • chapter 9 Constitutionally Protected Rights In the United States: Introductory Chapter 241
      • section 1 The Bill of Rights and Selective Incorporation 244
      • section 2 The Civil War Amendments 246
      • section 3 The Supreme Court's Protection of these Rights: How does it work? 246
      • Teaching Aids 249
      • chapter 10 Constitutionally Protected Rights in the Original Text of the Constitution 253
      • section 1 Bills of Attainder 255
      • section 2 Ex Post Facto Laws 257
      • Teaching Aids 261
      • chapter 11 First Amendment: Freedom of Expression 265
      • section 1 The Freedom of Religion 268
      • § 1 The Common Denominator of the Two Clauses: What is Religion? 268
      • § 2 The Establishment Clause 271
      • A. The Supreme Court's Interpretation of the Establishment Clause 271
      • B. The Consequences of the Supreme Court Interpretation of the Establishment Clause 274
      • § 3 The Free Exercise Clause 278
      • A. Is One Allowed to Disobey a Law Due to One's Religion? 279
      • B. Can One Refuse Medical Treatment Due to One's Religion? 284
      • section 2 The Freedom of Speech 286
      • § 1 Speech Considered Protected by the Constitution 288
      • A. Advocacy of Unlawful Behavior 288
      • B. Private Political Speech 290
      • C. Lying 292
      • D. Violence: Video Games and Minors 293
      • § 2 Exceptions to the First Amendment: Non-Protected Speech 294
      • A. Fighting Words, Hate Speech and True Threats 295
      • B. Obscenity 301
      • C. The Government Speech Doctrine 303
      • Teaching Aids 307
      • chapter 12 The Second Amendment: To Keep and Bear Arms 313
      • section 1 Interpreting the Second Amendment 315
      • section 2 Who has the Power to Regulate Guns: the State or the Federal Government? 322
      • Teaching Aids 325
      • chapter 13 Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments: Substantive Due Process 329
      • section 1 The Concept of Due Process 331
      • § 1 Possible Grounds for Due Process 332
      • § 2 Law of the Land v. Due process 332
      • section 2 Evolution of the Due Process Clauses: From Due Process to Substantive Due Process 333
      • § 1 Rejecting Substantive Due Process 334
      • § 2 Substantive Economic Due Process 337
      • § 3 Non-Economic Substantive Due Process: Civil and Personal Liberties 340
      • section 3 Examples of Fundamental Liberty Interests 343
      • § 1 Abortion 344
      • § 2 Sexual Conduct 349
      • § 3 Medical Treatment/Assisted Suicide 351
      • A. Medical Treatment 351
      • B. Assisted Suicides 352
      • Teaching Aids 355
      • chapter 14 Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments: Equal Protection of the Laws 367
      • section 1 Public v. Private Action: The State Action Doctrine 371
      • § 1 Only Public Action Falls under the Equal Protection Clause 371
      • § 2 Determining State Action 371
      • section 2 Facial v. Non-Facial Discrimination: 376
      • § 1 Facially Discriminatory Action or Law 376
      • A. The Separate but Equal Doctrine 376
      • B. Brown: Ending the Separate but Equal Doctrine 378
      • § 2 Facially Neutral Law or Action 379
      • A. Facially Neutral Laws having a Disproportionate Effect 379
      • B. Facially Neutral Law being Applied in a Discriminatory Manner 381
      • section 3 Special Circumstances and the Evolution of the Equal Protection Clause 382
      • § 1 Special Circumstances 382
      • § 2 Evolution of the Equal Protection Clause 383
      • Teaching Aids 387
      • chapter 15 Eighth Amendment: Cruel and Unusual Punishment 395
      • section 1 Capital Cases 399
      • § 1 Does the Offense or the Perpetrator Warrant Capital Punishment? 399
      • A. The Offense 399
      • B. The Perpetrator 400
      • 1. Mental Disorders 400
      • a. Mentally Retarded 400
      • b. Mentally III and the Execution of the Death Sentence 401
      • 2. Minors 402
      • § 2 The Execution 402
      • section 2 Non-Capital Cases 404
      • § 1 The Proportionality Test? Yes and No 404
      • § 2 Supreme Court Returns to a Proportionality Test yet again in Non-Capital Cases 407
      • § 3 Execution of the Sentence 410
      • Teaching Aids 412
      • chapter 16 Constitutionally Protected Procedural Rights in the United States 419
      • section 1 The Third Amendment 421
      • section 2 The Fourth Amendment 421
      • § 1 Reasonable Expectation of Privacy 421
      • § 2 Exclusionary Rule 423
      • § 3 Good Faith Exception to the Exclusionary Rule 427
      • section 3 The Fifth Amendment 428
      • § 1 Procedural Due Process Clause 428
      • § 2 Grand Jury 429
      • § 3 Double Jeopardy 430
      • A. The Rule 430
      • B. The Exception to the Rule 430
      • § 4 Self-Incrimination 432
      • section 4 The Sixth Amendment 434
      • § 1 Public Trial 435
      • § 2 Jury Trial 435
      • § 3 Accusations and Confronting Witnesses 435
      • § 4 Right to Legal Counsel 436
      • A. Right to Counsel 436
      • B. Right to Effective Counsel 437
      • section 5 The Seventh Amendment 440
      • Teaching Aids 441
      • Bibliography and Selected Readings 453
      • Alphabetical Index 457
      • Table of Teaching Aids 479

  • Origine de la notice:
    • FR-751131015
  • Disponible - 342 SER

    Niveau 3 - Droit