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Acoustic ecology of european bats : species identification, study of their habitats and foraging behaviour

Auteur(s) : Barataud, Michel

Résumé

Bilan des connaissances acquises par l'auteur en vingt ans de recherche sur la détection ultrasonore servant à identifier les chauves-souris et à comprendre leurs comportements. Les évolutions dans le domaine informatique ont permis de mener des recherches de plus en plus fines sans perturber les animaux. ©Electre 2020


  • Contributeur(s)
  • Éditeur(s)
  • Date
    • 2020
  • Notes
    • En anglais
    • Bibliogr. Glossaire. Index
  • Langues
    • Anglais
  • Description matérielle
    • 1 vol. (368 p.) : ill. en coul. ; 25 cm
  • Collections
  • Sujet(s)
  • Lieu
  • ISBN
    • 978-2-36662-244-7 ;
    • 978-2-85653-920-0
  • Indice
  • Quatrième de couverture
    • A complete manual for the identification and study of bats in flight, with spectrograms, scatterplots and annotated recordings of bat signals.

      Bats evolved to fly In the dark and developed echolocation to navigate in these conditions. Even though we cannot hear their acoustic emissions, we can record and analyse them with appropriate equipment and software.

      The author acquired unique knowledge and skills over more than three decades of continuous research on bat ultrasonic emissions. In this book he uses here advanced computer-assisted analysis to supplement the auditory approach to ultrasound analysis he initially developed in France.

      The method described makes it possible to identify about 85 % of bat acoustic records in Europe and to carry out non-invasive bat assessments and in-depth surveys. Thirty-five of the 42 bat species present in Europe are covered.

      The book also includes access to more than 300 downloadable files online that can be used to practice and develop skills in identifying bats by their sonar signals.

      Michel Barataud has spent many years researching bat sonar signals, not only in Europe but also in the Guyanas and Lesser Antilles. Drawing on his personal field experience and his ability to make the most of technological advances, he has developed an efficient identification method and disseminated his findings through a large number of publications. A dedicated teacher, he has trained several hundred bat enthusiasts in ultrasound analysis and fostered a vast network of naturalists.

      Yves Tupinier is pioneer in bioacoustics and a life-long friend. His contribution to this book is a precious addition.


  • Tables des matières
      • Acoustic Ecology of European Bats

      • Species Identification, Study of their Habitats and Foraging Behaviour

      • Michel Barataud

      • Yves Tupinier

      • Herman Limpens

      • Anya Cockle-Betian

      • Preface by Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler12
      • Preface by Ingemar Ahlén14
      • Acknowledgments16
      • Foreword22
      • List of species25
      • Glossary26
      • List of abbreviations35
      • Chapter 1 The biological sonar37
      • Background38
      • Introduction38
      • Historical background38
      • General principles of acoustic localization40
      • Basic concepts in acoustics42
      • The nature of sound42
      • Sound waves and their characteristics42
      • Sound propagation43
      • Simple sounds and complex sounds44
      • Sound analysis45
      • Sound functions46
      • Emission and reception48
      • Emission48
      • Reception48
      • Sonar signals and social calls49
      • Chapter 2 Ultrasound detectors53
      • Technical features of ultrasound detectors54
      • The microphone54
      • The treatment of perceived ultrasounds56
      • Ultrasound decoding systems58
      • Frequency division or zero-crossing58
      • Heterodyning60
      • Time expansion61
      • Computer-assisted analysis63
      • Which bat detector for which purspose ?66
      • Hand-held detectors66
      • Pure heterodyne detectors 66
      • Frequency division detectors 67
      • Detectors with time expansion option 67
      • Automatic recording tools for passive monitoring67
      • Time expansion and high-frequency recording systems 68
      • Frequency division systems 68
      • Matching technical features to research needs68
      • Qualitative inventories (speicies lists) 68
      • Quantitative surveys (activity assessments, habitat studies) 70
      • Qualitative and quantitatives surveys 70
      • Sonar signal research 71
      • Chapter 3 The sonar signals of bats : classification and interpretation73
      • Method of auditory analysis74
      • Methodological principale74
      • The identification process75
      • Auditory training75
      • Method of computer-based sound analysis77
      • Using BatSound77
      • Reading the different types of graphical display82
      • The spectrogram : representation of the structure 83
      • The oscillogram : representation of the envelope 84
      • The power spectrum : representation of the distribution of energy over frequencies 85
      • Interpreting signal structure types86
      • The steep FM structure 86
      • The QCF structure 86
      • The flat-ended FM structure (FM-QCF) 90
      • The CF structure (FMa-CF-FMd) or 'Doppler technology 91
      • Harmonics 92
      • Methodology for the measurement of signals94
      • General measurements 94
      • Measuring an FM signal 96
      • Measuring a QCF type signal (BW < 5 kHz) 98
      • Measuring FM-QCF and flat-ended FM signals 101
      • Measuring FMa-CF-FMd signals 103
      • Chapter 4 The acoustic identification of bats107
      • Method and equipment108
      • Auditory identification with the heterodyne system111
      • Criteria for species identification112
      • Frequency at maximum energy (FME) 112
      • Structure 112
      • Rhythm 115
      • Intensity 117
      • Possible confusions117
      • Identification of long CF signals (FM/CF/FM signals of Rhinolophids)118
      • Identificcation of QCF and flat-ended FM signals119
      • Bats emitting QCF and flat-ended FM signals of short to intermediate duration with FME>30 kHz 120
      • Identification of steep FM sweeps131
      • Identification by means of social calls133
      • Simplified identification key in heterodyne detection134
      • Auditory and computer-assisted identification in time expansion135
      • Criteria for species Identification137
      • Structure 137
      • Bandwidth 141
      • Duration 142
      • Timbre 143
      • Frequency band position in the general spectrum (overall pitch of the signal) 144
      • Energy distribution 145
      • Rhythm 150
      • Reading scatter diagrams 151
      • Identification fo CF signals (horseshoe bats)155
      • Identification of QCF-FMd signals158
      • Identification of QCF, FM-QCF and flat-ended FM signals161
      • Species With FME < 30 kHz 162
      • QCF signals164
      • The case of QCF signals below 20 kHz166
      • QCF and flat-ended FM signals with alternating FMEs167
      • FM-QCF, flat-ended FM and narrowband FM signal's169
      • Sequences of QCF, FM-QCF and flat-ended FM signals with FME < 30 kHz171
      • Species with FME > 30 kHz 176
      • QCF signals181
      • FM-QCF, flat-ended FM and narrowband FM signals182
      • Sequences of QCF, FM-QCF and flat-ended signals with FME > 30 kHz189
      • Identification of FM sweeps192
      • The nasal timbre 196
      • Differentiating genus Barbastella from genus Plecotus196
      • Distinguishing among the Plecotus species197
      • Sequences of nasal FM signals199
      • The whistled timbre 202
      • Distinguishing true FM species from FM-QCF species202
      • A special case : the alternating signals of Barbastella barbastellus205
      • FME < 35 kHz207
      • FME > 35 kHz (genus Myotis)209
      • Identification through social calls254
      • Genus Myotis255
      • Genus Pipistrellus255
      • Genera Hypsugo and Vespertilio261
      • Genus Nyctalus262
      • Genus Plecotus263
      • General identification key264
      • Chapter 5 Applications267
      • Locating bat roosts268
      • Introduction and objectives268
      • Preconditions268
      • Preparation268
      • Survey of hunting sites269
      • Survey of flight routes269
      • Survey of roost sites269
      • Survey of mating territories271
      • The survey in practice272
      • Population monitoring274
      • Habitat studies278
      • Are bat detectors objective tools for assessing the biological value of habitats ?278
      • Spatio-temporal variability bias280
      • Sites and count points280
      • Unit of measurement for bat activity282
      • Identification285
      • Species detectability286
      • Types of activity : foraging, transit and social interactions287
      • Activity indices287
      • Acoustic surveys291
      • Continuous count transects and point counts293
      • Duration and repeating of point counts294
      • Descriptor variables of the habitats295
      • Continuous recording method296
      • Chapter 6 Acoustic ecology309
      • The concept of acoustic ecology310
      • Example 1 : the sonar of the barbastelle312
      • Description of the alternating signals of Barbastella barbastellus312
      • Context of emission of alternating signals314
      • Comparing the alternating signals of Barbastella barbastellus and Nyctalus noctula314
      • Hypothesis of a relationship between alternated sonar pattern and diet in Barbastella barbastellus315
      • Example 2 : the sonar of the greater noctule318
      • Audiograms of passerine birds that migrate by night319
      • Predation pressure320
      • Counter-strategy of the predator321
      • Promising fields for future research326
      • The sudden irruption of Nyctalus leisleri sequences326
      • The signals of long-eared bats326
      • The erratic variations in intensity of Miniopterus schreibersii328
      • The inter-individual variabililty of signal frequency in horseshoe bats329
      • Convex versus concave signal structure329
      • The function of the final whack : strong specialization of Myotis nattereri ?330
      • Chapter 7 Frequently asked questions on acoustic detection
      • Frequently asked questions on acoustic detection and identification333
      • The heterodyne system334
      • Time expansion336
      • Scatter diagrams338
      • Bat activity studies340
      • Chapter 8 Perspectives343
      • Technical developments344
      • Methodological developments344
      • Extending the method worldwide345
      • Dissemination of knowledge and skill345
      • Appendices349
      • Bibliography350
      • Scatter diagrams for the identification of the sonar signals of the three Plecotus species studied354
      • Index360
      • Downloables files362

  • Origine de la notice:
    • FR-751131015 ;
    • Electre
  • Disponible - 598.2 BAR

    Niveau 2 - Sciences